Common pregnancy complications and how to prevent them – Firstpost

Pregnancy is a journey, full of anticipation and joy but it also comes with its own set of challenges. While the experience is a profound milestone, it requires careful attention to ensure both the mother’s and baby’s well-being. Dr. Aruna Kalra, Director of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at CK Birla Hospital (Gurugram) emphasises that being informed and proactive can play a crucial role in ensuring a healthy pregnancy.

Gestational Diabetes

This condition arises when blood sugar levels become elevated during pregnancy. It is more prevalent in women who are obese, have a family history of diabetes, or have had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy. Dr Kalra advises regular prenatal screening to detect the issue early. She recommends a healthy diet, consistent physical activity and routine monitoring of blood glucose levels as key preventive strategies.

High Blood Pressure (Preeclampsia)

Dr Kalra said that preeclampsia typically develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and involves high blood pressure along with signs of organ damage, often to the kidneys. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications. She said preventive measures include a balanced diet, reduced salt intake, regular exercise, and attending all prenatal appointments to ensure blood pressure is closely monitored.

Preterm Labour

Defined as labour that begins before 37 weeks of gestation, preterm labour may be triggered by infections, multiple pregnancies, or structural issues with the uterus or cervix. Dr Kalra suggests avoiding smoking and managing stress as effective ways to reduce the risk. She also emphasises the importance of seeking immediate medical attention in case of symptoms such as frequent contractions or fluid leakage.

Anaemia

Iron-deficiency anaemia is a widespread issue during pregnancy due to the body’s increased need for iron. It can cause fatigue and complications during delivery. Dr Kalra recommends consuming iron-rich foods like leafy vegetables, lentils, and fortified cereals, along with taking prescribed iron supplements to prevent anaemia.

Miscarriage

While not always preventable, certain risk factors like uncontrolled diabetes, infections, and smoking can be managed. Dr Kalra highlights the role of comprehensive prenatal care, avoiding alcohol and drug use, and following medical advice as essential steps in reducing miscarriage risk.

Prevention Through Prenatal Care

Dr Kalra underlines that regular prenatal visits are crucial for early detection and timely intervention. Alongside medical care, a nutritious diet, proper hydration, quality sleep, and stress management play significant roles in supporting a healthy pregnancy.

“Every pregnancy is unique,” she says. “While complications can be concerning, awareness and proactive care make all the difference. Never hesitate to share concerns with your doctor—early action is always better than late reaction.”