34 million affected, experts call for early screening and tech-driven solutions – Firstpost

India is grappling with a critical respiratory health crisis, home to over 34 million asthma patients and accounting for nearly half of the world’s asthma-related deaths. With 13% of the global asthma burden, the country records the highest asthma mortality rate, contributing to a staggering 46% of global fatalities.

Experts attribute these alarming statistics to a dangerous cocktail of widespread misinformation, poor disease management and limited access to healthcare, leaving millions gasping for breath and answers.

Pulmonologists warn that delayed diagnoses, inadequate treatment adherence and environmental factors like worsening air pollution are turning a manageable condition into a death sentence for many. They called for immediate nationwide interventions, including early screening programs and technology-driven care solutions. Without urgent action, India’s asthma epidemic threatens to spiral further overwhelming hospitals and families alike.

Worsening air quality in many Indian cities has further exacerbated the problem. “Pollution not only triggers asthma attacks but also worsens symptoms for those already living with the condition,” said Dr. Vikramjeet Singh, Senior Consultant, Internal Medicine, Aakash Healthcare. “Asthma attacks can be life-threatening, and timely management is critical to ensure patients lead a normal life.”

Yet myths and misconceptions continue to hamper asthma care. Many still believe asthma only affects children or that those with the condition should avoid exercise. “In reality, regular physical activity helps most asthma patients by improving lung function and overall health,” said Dr. Sushrut Ganpule, Consultant – Chest Medicine, Jupiter Hospital, Pune. He added that early recognition of warning signs and adherence to a personalised asthma action plan can be lifesaving.

Dr. Manav Manchanda, Director & Head – Respiratory Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Asian Hospital, noted that many Indians remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. “Early screening is one of the most effective ways to reduce the asthma burden. In regions with limited healthcare access, mobile-based screening tools could be a game-changer,” he said.

On World Asthma Day, observed under the theme “Make Inhaled Treatments Accessible for All”, medical professionals are urging policymakers to prioritise access to inhaled medications. Dr. Aakaar Kapoor, CEO and Lead Medical Advisor, City X-Ray and Scan Clinic, added, “More than just symptom control, the focus must be on preventing asthma attacks through a combination of early screening, digital tools, and patient education.”

Importantly, specialists point out that India’s respiratory disease burden is not limited to asthma. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), often linked to long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, biomass fuel, and air pollution, is also rising.

“COPD is a long-term lung condition where breathing becomes difficult and exhausting,” said Dr. Prashant Saxena, Senior Director & Unit Head, Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram. “It includes conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema and shares common risk factors with asthma, including pollution and poor air quality, both of which are rampant in India.”

Dr. Saxena emphasized that managing COPD, much like asthma, requires more than medication. “It involves lifestyle changes, breathing exercises, vaccination against respiratory infections, and emotional support. With the right treatment and habits, patients can continue to live fully—one breath at a time.”

As India faces a dual challenge of high asthma and COPD prevalence, experts stress the need for a unified national respiratory health strategy, focused on early diagnosis, preventive care, pollution control, and widespread accessibility of treatment.